The size of the pet market has increased sharply in recent years and was estimated to be around 131. The caecal content was immediately placed in sterile plastic tubes under ice for enzyme preservation and kept at −20 °C for further analysis of caecal enzyme activity.

Small, weakened kittens can be given KMR Kitten milk every 3-4 hours, while larger kittens can be fed every 8 hours without problems. A high density of nutrients and energy was the unique characteristic of rabbit milk, which contained respectively around four and three times higher proportions of protein and lipids than cow’s milk [ 10]. Ingredients: Casein, vegetable oil (with tocopherols and ascorbyl palmitate (preservatives), rosemary extract), dried skimmed milk, dried whey protein concentrate, maltodextrins, cream, dicalcium phosphate, powdered cellulose, mono and diglycerides of edible fats or oils, dextrose, fructooligosaccharide, lecithin, oat fiber, potassium chloride, dipotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, silicon dioxide, L-arginine, sodium aluminosilicate, calcium silicate, choline chloride, taurine, tricalcium phosphate, iron amino acid chelate, potassium citrate, zinc sulfate, copper proteinate, niacin supplement, biotin, calcium pantothenate, vitamin A supplement (maltodextrins, gum arabic, vitamin A acetate, sucrose, vegetable oil, tocopherols and sodium ascorbate (preservatives), silicon dioxide), manganese sulfate, vitamin D3 supplement (vitamin D3, modified food starch, sucrose, maltodextrins, silicon dioxide), thiamine hydrochloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin supplement, vitamin E supplement (vitamin E, silicon dioxide), calcium iodate, folic acid, dried Bifidobacterium bifidum fermentation product, dried L. The essential fatty acids were supplied in sufficient amounts to fulfil the nutritional requirements of all the study groups, as there was a very high amount of fat in all the formulations [ 6]. Also recommended for growing kittens or adult cats that require a source of highly digestible nutrients.

Caecal pH was measured directly using a Crison MicropH 2001 pH meter (Crison Instruments, Barcelona, Spain). Casein, vegetable oil (preserved with mixed tocopherols), dried skimmed milk, dried cream, dried whey protein concentrate, dicalcium phosphate, lecithin, choline chloride, L-arginine, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, dextrose, maltodextrins, iron proteinate, taurine, monopotassium phosphate, vitamin A supplement, riboflavin supplement, dried Lactobacillus casei fermentation product, dried Lactobacillus fermentum fermentation product, dried Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product, dried Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation product, dried Enterococcus faecium fermentation product, dried Bifidobacterium bifidum fermentation product, dried Pediococcus adicilactici fermentation product, copper proteinate, vitamin D3 supplement, niacin supplement, fructooligosaccaride (FOS), sodium silico aluminate, calcium, pantothenate, vitamin E supplement, zinc sulfate, thiamine hydrochloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, tricalcium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, calcium iodate, manganese sulfate, folic acid, biotin, vitamin B12 supplement. Milk replacer has been suggested as a means of feeding early weaned rabbits and orphaned rabbits and of solving the problem of female rabbits that do not produce milk, this being rabbits’ major nutrient source for survival [ 7] as well as preventing gastrointestinal disease [ 8]. Each rabbit’s feed intake between 19–24, 25–30 and 31–36 days old and the amount of crude protein in the milk replacer and diet were used as information to calculate the amount of crude protein intake. Dried skim milk, casein, vegetable oil, butterfat, corn syrup solids, mono- and diglycerides of edible fat-forming acids, lecithin, L-arginine, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, salt, carrageenan, tricalcium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, taurine, ferrous sulfate, dicalcium phosphate, ascorbic acid, zinc sulfate, niacinamide, vitamin A supplement, copper sulfate, vitamin E supplement, vitamin D3 supplement, calcium pantothenate, manganese sulfate, potassium citrate, thiamin mononitrate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, potassium iodide, vitamin B12 supplement, folic acid, biotin.

To our knowledge, the caecum is a major organ of bacterial fermentation in rabbits, providing around 50–60% of daily energy requirements. However, the RMR group presented a lower trend in nutrient digestibility than the other groups, although there was no statistical significant difference.Hampshire, IL, USA), FM = Fresh matter, DM = Dry matter, ND = Not detect; a A commercial pelleted diet for rabbits (Lee Feed Mill, Publ.